Vulnerability threat dossier

CVE-2021-45046

apachelog4j

It was found that the fix to address CVE-2021-44228 in Apache Log4j 2.15.0 was incomplete in certain non-default configurations. This could allows attackers with control over Thread Context Map (MDC) input data when the logging configuration uses a non-default Pattern Layout with either a Context Lookup (for example, $${ctx:loginId}) or a Thread Context Map pattern (%X, %mdc, or %MDC) to craft malicious input data using a JNDI Lookup pattern resulting in an information leak and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments. Log4j 2.16.0 (Java 8) and 2.12.2 (Java 7) fix this issue by removing support for message lookup patterns and disabling JNDI functionality by default.

VTP deterministic threat59.5of 100 · CVSS excluded

VTP analyst assessment

Log4j follow-on flaw is known exploited

AI-assisted analytical recommendationDoes not set factual exploitation state
AI review stateCANDIDATE CREATED
AI priorityHIGH
AI confidence95%
Public exploitation · VTP factKEV

Assessment

CISA KEV lists this Log4j follow-on vulnerability as known exploited globally and notes known ransomware use. Greenbone Community Feed reports public exploit-template availability.

Why it matters

  • Affected non-default Log4j configurations can expose systems to severe remote impact.
  • CISA KEV confirms known global exploitation, not observation in this environment.

Evidence

1 record references and 1 source references passed trusted post-response validation. The current deterministic record contains 0 independent evidence groups.

Uncertainties

The flaw requires specified non-default logging configurations.

We do not know whether affected Log4j versions or configurations remain in use.

First-party sensor telemetry is active; no disclosure-eligible deterministic observation is currently public for this CVE. This does not mean no activity was observed.

Next watchpoint

Review in your environment: if you use Apache Log4j2, check affected versions and non-default Pattern Layout configurations using Context Lookup or Thread Context Map patterns.

AI baseline history (3)
  1. BASELINE ASSESSED
    Log4j follow-on flaw is known exploitedgpt-5.6-terra · low
  2. BASELINE ASSESSED
    Apache Log4j2 configuration flaw with known exploitationgpt-5.6-terra · low
  3. BASELINE ASSESSED
    Incomplete Log4j2 remediation in non-default configurationsgpt-5.6-sol · high

Previous AI priority: HIGH → current: HIGH. Inspect the evidence preserved for each run before treating this as a threat transition.

Technical severityCRITICALCVSS 9.0 · technical context
Public exploitationKEVGlobal public evidence
Exploit maturityPOCReliability not implied
EPSS1.00100th percentile · prediction
Evidence confidence90%Strongest independent active claim
VelocitySTABLEMaterial events only
First-party telemetryFirst-party sensor telemetry is active; no disclosure-eligible deterministic observation is currently public for this CVE. This does not mean no activity was observed.
Availability: SENSOR_ONLINE_NO_MATCHING_ACTIVITY · Evidence: UNKNOWN
01

VTP deterministic assessment

Why this matters

  1. 01

    CISA KEV lists this vulnerability as known to be exploited globally.

  2. 02

    A proof of concept is reported; functional reliability is not established.

  3. 03

    EPSS is 1.00; this is predictive context, not exploitation evidence.

  4. 04

    First-party sensor telemetry is active; no disclosure-eligible deterministic observation is currently public for this CVE. This does not mean no activity was observed.

02

Material change ledger

What changed

EXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLEPublic exploit-oriented template available
EXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLEPublic exploit-oriented template available
KEV ADDEDCISA KEV entry added
03

Claim provenance

Evidence and source independence

3publications detected
3underlying evidence chains

0 primary sources · 0 dependent secondary reports · 1 reports with unresolved independence. Repetition remains visible without multiplying confirmation.

Source claimEXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLEPUBLIC EXPLOIT TEMPLATE
90%claim confidence
PRIMARYcorpus:OPENVAS_NASL:5477d73732796ddb34c4daedc8a472251f82dec4ACTIVE
Source claimEXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLEPUBLIC EXPLOIT TEMPLATE
90%claim confidence
PRIMARYcorpus:OPENVAS_NASL:660c5a8bf31a00b07278d79f3834cac565b462acRETIRED
04

Event history

Threat timeline

  1. 02:3508 Sept
    EXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLE

    Public exploit-oriented template available

    Greenbone Community Feed published new or materially changed exploit-oriented tooling for this CVE. This is availability evidence, not evidence of exploitation in the wild.

  2. 02:3107 Sept
    EXPLOIT TEMPLATE AVAILABLE

    Public exploit-oriented template available

    Greenbone Community Feed published new or materially changed exploit-oriented tooling for this CVE. This is availability evidence, not evidence of exploitation in the wild.

  3. 07:2703 Aug
    EXPLOIT SOURCE UPDATE

    New exploit-source update

    ProjectDiscovery Nuclei Templates Releases published evidence linked to CVE-2021-45046.

  4. 00:0001 May
    KEV ADDED

    CISA KEV entry added

    CISA lists global known exploitation. This is not a VTP sensor observation.

05

Original publications

Source record

Exploit tooling coverage changed for 2 CVEs

Greenbone Community Feed recorded exploit-tooling coverage changes for 2 CVEs in this pinned revision. 2 have an active availability assertion for this revision. Tooling evidence does not establish exploitation in the wild or successful execution.

CVE-2021-44228CVE-2021-45046
Separate evidence group

Exploit tooling coverage changed for 9 CVEs

Greenbone Community Feed recorded exploit-tooling coverage changes for 9 CVEs in this pinned revision. 9 have an active availability assertion for this revision. Tooling evidence does not establish exploitation in the wild or successful execution.

CVE-2009-4595CVE-2009-4596CVE-2009-4597CVE-2017-5487CVE-2019-4169CVE-2021-31805CVE-2021-44228CVE-2021-45046CVE-2022-24706
Separate evidence group

Nuclei Templates v10.4.7 - Release Notes

New Templates Added: 122 | CVEs Added: 49 | First-time contributions: 23 🔥 Release Highlights 🔥 [CVE-2026-63030] WordPress Core 6.9-7.0.1 - Pre-Auth Batch-Route Confusion ( @slcyber , @mielverkerken , @pdteam , @FLX-0x00 ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-60004 ] Gitea <= 1.27.0 - Pre-Auth Remote Code Execution (@0x_Akoko) [critical] 🔥 [ CVE-2026-58455 ] Dockwatch <= 0.6.567 - OS Command Injection ( @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-56291 ] Balbooa Forms < 2.4.1 - Unauth Arbitrary File Upload ( @nick Vidovic, @0x_Akoko) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-56290 ] Page Builder CK <= 3.5.10 - Unauth File Upload ( @panchiko-p , @0x_Akoko) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-48908 ] Joomla SP Page Builder <= 6.6.1 - Unauth Arbitrary File Upload RCE (@0x_Akoko) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-46442 ] Flowise < 3.1.2 - node-custom-function Unauth RCE ( @dhiyaneshdk , @princechaddha ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-44825 ] Apache Solr 9.4.0-9.10.1 / 10.0.0 - Hardcoded Default Credentials ( @pdteam , @0x_Akoko) [high] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-16232 ] Check Point Security Management Server - SmartConsole Authentication Bypass ( @sfewer-r7 , @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-15409 ] SonicWall SMA1000 - Server-Side Request Forgery ( @dhiyaneshdk , @rapid7 ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-9282 ] W3 Total Cache <= 2.9.4 - Unauth Arbitrary File Read (@0x_Akoko) [high] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-8732 ] WP Maps Pro (wp-google-map-gold) <= 6.1.0 - Unauth Administrator Account Creation ( @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-8713 ] Avada (Fusion) Builder <= 3.15.3 - Unauth Arbitrary File Deletion (@rool-machine) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-6875 ] ServiceNow AI Platform - Pre-Auth JavaScript Sandbox Escape RCE ( @pdteam , @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2026-3296 ] Everest Forms WordPress Plugin <= 3.4.3 - PHP Object Injection ( @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2025-71334 ] Flowise - Path Traversal ( @theamanrawat ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2025-68493 ] Apache Struts XWork - XML External Entity Injection ( @pussycat0x ) [high] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2025-54988 ] Apache Tika - XXE Injection ( @tx1ee ) [critical] 🔥 [ CVE-2025-6389 ] Sneeit WP Social WordPress Plugin - Unauth RCE via call_user_func ( @dhiyaneshdk ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [ CVE-2025-2505 ] WordPress Age Gate <= 3.5.3 - Unauth Local File Inclusion ( @pussycat0x ) [critical] (kev) (vKEV) 🔥 [CVE-2024-56511] DataEase < 2.10.4 - Authentication Bypass via Whitelist Path Traversal ( @ChrisJr404 ) [critical] 🔥 [ CVE-2023-34992 ] Fortinet FortiSIEM - Unauth Command Injection ( @Thacien ) [critical] 🔥 What's Changed Bug Fixes Stopped credential-stuffing and token-spray templates from sending their first request when no username, password or token is supplied (PR #16589 , Issue #11238 ). Restored missing matcher and extractor values in four templates that silently no-op'd, including CVE-2021-44228 , CVE-2021-45046 and CVE-2026-42281 (PR #16661 ). Replaced an unsupported RE2 lookahead that stopped home-env-permission.yaml from loading at all (PR #16664 ). Added the missing capture group to three regex extractors (PR #16665 ). Corrected the extractor part in portal-api-ssrf from interactsh to interactsh_request (PR #16667 ). Corrected the DSL variable in thinkphp6-arbitrary-write from status_2 to status_code_2 (PR #16668 ). Unhid two extractors marked internal that nothing consumed (PR #16669 ). Marked the setup-stage matchers in CVE-2025-2075 as internal (PR #16671 ). Removed an AWS access key ID from a reference URL in CVE-2024-51482.yaml (PR #16616 ). Fixed an intrusive tag typo in CVE-2023-34124 .yaml (PR #16675 ). Corrected the id and filename for the IBM DB2 Server template (PR #16688 ). Fixed the severity in directory-listing-no-host-header.yaml (PR #16614 ). Corrected the author field for CVE-2024-23108 (PR #16620 ). Moved CVE-2025-296

CVE-2008-2052CVE-2019-14793CVE-2021-27877CVE-2021-44228CVE-2021-45046CVE-2021-47795CVE-2023-34124CVE-2023-34992CVE-2023-50839CVE-2024-22476CVE-2024-23108CVE-2024-42323CVE-2024-51482CVE-2024-56511CVE-2025-14047CVE-2025-2075CVE-2025-2505CVE-2025-29635CVE-2025-32969CVE-2025-54988CVE-2025-55746CVE-2025-6389CVE-2025-68493CVE-2025-71334CVE-2026-15094CVE-2026-15409CVE-2026-16232CVE-2026-1830CVE-2026-1980CVE-2026-22683CVE-2026-23550CVE-2026-23696CVE-2026-23829CVE-2026-30623CVE-2026-31831CVE-2026-3296CVE-2026-3335CVE-2026-33497CVE-2026-34036CVE-2026-3891CVE-2026-39468CVE-2026-42281CVE-2026-42796CVE-2026-44825CVE-2026-46442CVE-2026-48908CVE-2026-48909CVE-2026-4987CVE-2026-49952CVE-2026-52773CVE-2026-52824CVE-2026-54836CVE-2026-55450CVE-2026-56290CVE-2026-56291CVE-2026-58455CVE-2026-60004CVE-2026-6043CVE-2026-63030CVE-2026-65694CVE-2026-6875CVE-2026-8385CVE-2026-8713CVE-2026-8732CVE-2026-9198CVE-2026-9282
Separate evidence group
Original
06

Technical vulnerability data

Context, not threat proof

VTP threat score59.5vtp-threat-v1-public
Public exploitation30 / 30
EPSS prediction20 / 20
Exploit availability7.5 / 15
Source independence0 / 15
Intelligence recency2 / 10
Threat acceleration0 / 10
CVSS technical severityExcluded
CVSS
9 · CRITICAL
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CWE
CWE-917
CPE records
95
Deterministic history records
20
Primary technical reference
07

Raw observations

First-party sensor records

First-party sensor telemetry is active; no disclosure-eligible deterministic observation is currently public for this CVE. This does not mean no activity was observed.